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From Vitalik Buterin in ethereum blog: a smart contract is a mechanism involving digital assets and two or more parties, where some or all of the parties put assets in and assets are automatically redistributed among those parties according to a formula based on certain data that is not known at the time the contract is initiated. |
History
The phrase and concept of smart contracts was developed by Nick Szabo as far back as 1994, with the goal of bringing what he calls the "highly evolved" practices of contract law and practice to the design of electronic commerce protocols between strangers on the Internet. Nick is a computer scientist known for his research in digital contracts and digital currency. Although Szabo has repeatedly denied it, people have speculated that he is the one behind Satoshi Nakamoto, the designer of Bitcoins.
Fist papers by Nick Szabo on this topic are:
Definition
A smart contract is a collection of code (its functions) and data (its state) that resides at a specific address on the Ethereum blockchain. Contract accounts are able to pass messages between themselves as well as doing practically Turing complete computation. They are little programs that execute “if this happens then do that”, run and verified by many computers to ensure trustworthiness.
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- Ethereum blog terminology guide
- Erights: home of E, the secure distributed persistent language for capability-based smart contracting
- bitsonblocks: introduction to smart contracts
- Nick Szabo Smart contract idea - 1997
- Nick Szabo: Contracts with bearers - 1997/1999
- Ethereum Homestead: connecting to the network